Learning Styles Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Learning Styles - Term Paper Example Agreeable learning finds the understudies working successfully in gatherings. The outcome is beneficial learning and if this agreeable learning is arranged well the advantages are incalculable. The understudies ought to be permitted to take a shot at subjects willingly. This way the student’s social and scholastic capacity would improve. The instructor can aggregate the understudies dependent on their capacity and learning ability. Hence every gathering would have a top understudy, a center understudy, and a battling understudy. Assessment of specific systems in educating would upgrade better learning. As Felder and Soloman stated, â€Å"when arranging and creating instructional material, make progress toward a parity of instructing styles to coordinate different learning styles†.The four fundamental styles of educating incorporate conventional position, demonstrator or individual model, facilitator and delegator. Formal authority encapsulates the educator who receives a focused methodology for the instructor feels answerable for giving and figuring the impartation of information which the understudy is to acquire and absorb. The connection between the instructor and understudy just as between the understudies isn't given significance. Instructors who utilize the proper position technique focus more on the substance of the exercise while the understudy is relied upon to get this substance. The educator edifies the substance and materials in a way that empowers the understudies to get the core of the exercise and welcome the pith of the entire time spent in learning.

Red Tsar Essays

Red Tsar Essays Red Tsar Paper Red Tsar Paper At the point when Stalin rose to control in 1929 he guaranteed to the Russian open that he was a give supporter of Leninism; his trademark Lenin is consistently with us1 implied that Stalin needed to show that he was so like Lenin. Anyway Stalin affirmed his capacity at the head of government much like the Tsars by utilizing strategies of dread and publicity. Stalins individual fascism implied he had solid components of being Red Tsar as he built up certain standard, this thought of being a Red Tsar originated from the conviction that Stalin wasnt focused on socialism, as his conventional thoughts were suggestive of Tsarist absolutist principle, so viably he was a combination between the two decision styles. As Stalin wished to depict himself as a God-like figure; this made him a detached pioneer who endured no analysis, like the style of administering under the Tsars, as the two chiefs excused clergymen at their own will and decided to follow up on their very own sentiments, for instance like the Russification arrangement of utilized by all the Tsars, yet specifically Alexander II and the nationalistic strategies of Stalin. Stalins government was top-down2, and dissimilar to Lenin and Khrushchev, Stalin was careful about how much his individual gathering individuals knew. In this way he utilized a reasonable chain of command, where data was retained from lower individuals. The Tsars depended on dependability of elites to fortify government, specifically the honorability and the Russian Orthodox Church, who assisted with keeping firm command over the Russian individuals. In spite of the fact that the facts confirm that both Lenin and Stalin encircle themselves with faithful I lites called nomenklatura, these elites turned out to be progressively significant under Stalin, as the impact of the more extensive CCP was diminished he plummeted into his own autocracy. The development under Stalin of the Party Secretariat, which was made under Lenin, implied there was a development in administration, something which socialist belief system objected to. As the General Secretary of the CCP Stalin had impact over all regions of the gathering, while the Politburo turned into the most persuasive body, as it controlled the activities of all administration divisions. Along these lines the gathering turned out to be increasingly concentrated, as the impact of the grass-roots turned out to be less huge. Consequently antiquarians, for example, Richard Pipes guarantee that Leninism caused Stalinism, as Lenins party looked like a more mystery request than a gathering in the typically acknowledged sense3, this prompted an elitist structure, implying that Stalins tyranny was unavoidable. Albeit some can't help contradicting this view as they comprehend we would never have anticipated the degree to which Stalin utilized an individual fascism. The vote based system strived for during the revolution4 and declined into a tyranny bound with restriction and patriotism suggestive of Tsarist despotism, as just perspectives correlative of the system were permitted and media from outside Russia were denied inspired by a paranoid fear of radicalisation. In this way concerning the sort and running of government Stalin shows up more like his Tsarist forerunners than any of his Communist companions, as he depended on elites, administration, elitism and a firmly controlled government, along these lines this makes him a Red Tsar. Both Lenin and Stalin put stock in a solid inward state, in which the gathering had full oversight in the running of government. Anyway Lenin didn't have faith in a formation of a religion of character as Stalin did, as Stalin set up himself as the wellspri ng of all wisdom5, this glorification as the Father of Russia6 never showed up in such extraordinary power under Lenin nor Khrushchev. Along these lines student of history Moshe Lewin contends that Stalins arrangement of government was a cross breed of Marxism and Tsarism7, as a formation of a clique of character contains barely any Marxist-Leninist roots, yet harkens back to the Russian custom of pioneer revere. Anyway Stalin and Khrushchev can be viewed as comparable as the two chiefs utilized cunning8 and turn doctoring. Be that as it may, there are clear contrasts, as Khrushchev did not have the volatile idea of Stalin and the Tsars. He asserted Stalin was a litsedi meaning a man of numerous faces9, in this manner there is an equal among Stalin and the Tsars, as both settled on careless choices in a spirit of meanness, specifically the feeble Tsar Nicholas II, who left his better half Alexandrina accountable for Russia in 1915 when he took direct charge of the military. Besides Khrushchev impugned Stalin and his techniques for Terror in his de-Stalinisation discourse when he rose to control in 1956. Likenesses between the Tsars and Stalin can likewise be drawn between the awful temper and fierce natures of the two rulers. This is represented by when workers found Stalins wifes demise they were hesitant to let him know, these Little People had a sensible abhorrence for breaking terrible news to the Tsars and Stalin, and they fell swoon with fear10. In this way the two rulers told and alarmed the Russian individuals with their tempers, making Stalin a Red Tsar. The dread that Stalin executed was strengthened by his utilization of utilization of belief system, which was suggestive of the strict mentalities under the Tsars, as his utilization of glorification kept a tight rule on the Russian individuals. This utilization of philosophy prompted his verifiable principle like that experience under the Tsars, however Stalin underlined partition of the state from the Church, not at all like The Tsarist imperious guideline was reinforced by the help from the Russian Orthodox Church. The Tsars and the Church bolstered each other for shared intrigue, and the lessons of the Church supported autocracy11, since most of the populace was strict, restriction to the legislature was viewed as an immediate test to God and the Divine Right of the Tsar, this made any resistance disagreeable. Despite the fact that this makes Stalin unique in relation to the Tsars, it doesn't make him like the other socialist pioneers, as Stalin grasped a minor increment in strict resistance, and didn't crusade against religion nor advocate secularism like Lenin or Khrushchev. Stalins severe techniques adjust him to the Tsars, especially Alexander III, whose standard was known as The Reaction, he supported modernisation and the conviction that instruction was dangerous12. Like Stalin, Alexander III accepted that training ought to be exacting and formal, while Marxist-Leninism which indicated less respect for formal instruction. Despite the fact that Lenin and Stalin were fundamentally the same as in a portion of their convictions, for example, the faith in a monopolistic gathering, a solid express, the requirement for sensational changes inside society13 to make Russia a communist state. Anyway not at all like Lenin, Stalin didn't accept that the socialist development should spread into the West outside the USSR. In spite of this Stalin exported socialism during the Cold War, empowering the spread of socialism toward the East in nations like China and Korea. This likewise proceeded into Khrushchevs rule, when he indicated support for the advancement of socialism in Cuba. Be that as it may, from the start Stalins approach of Socialism in one nation put him beside most of socialists and indicated a total selling out of Marxist convictions. As Marxism was a worldwide development enabling all the laborers of the world, and a development which reviled patriotism. In any case, Stalins patriotism in structure, communist in content14, harkened back to the Great Russian Empire under rulers, for example, Peter the Great and Ivan the Terrible15, this patriotism constrained the Russian populace into nationalism, similar to that accomplished under the Tsars, which was never experienced to a similar degree under Lenin or Khrushchev. This is a clarification for Stains conviction that non-Russians ought to be formed into Russians. While Marxist-Leninism expressed that non-Russians ought to stay in Russia un-upset, Lenin implemented this through his Decree of Nationalities in 1917. Hence Stalins patriotism adjusts him to the Tsars arrangement of Russification16, which constrained each one of those nationalities living in Russia to communicate in Russian. Regardless of Stalins patriot convictions, Stalinism was as yet gotten from Leninism, and they had a few similitudes, for example, doubt of administration, the conviction the accomplishment of an idealistic Russia and both having had a scorn of praise around other people 17 . Despite the fact that Lenin and Stalin had some comparable qualities, as their center convictions were gotten from the lessons of Marx. Anyway Lenin never endeavored to construct a religion of character and detested the term Leninism, as he thought of himself as a Marxist dissimilar to Stalin, who needed to build up the characters of the populace under his own glorification. In this way McCauley contends that Stalin controlled Marxism and Leninism for his own means18 as McCauley trusts Stalin was not a genuine socialist as he didn't appropriately grasp the belief system. In addition his attention on conventional convictions, for example, family esteems, the significance of marriage, and the execution of approaches, for example, making divorce troublesome and prohibiting premature birth. These convictions made Stalin more customary in his qualities than Khrushchev and Lenin who both accepted shows, for example, marriage were obsolete in the public arena. While the style and services of High Stalinism in 1930s appeared to be not so much Leninist but rather more an inversion to the past, as Stalins semi-strict symbolism, rough patriotism and stories with the incredible condition of building Tsars like Ivan the terrible19 make him apparently Tsariest. Consequently despite the fact that Stalin may share shared a few philosophies practically speaking with the socialists, huge numbers of his key qualities made him totally different, as in spite of the fact that Marxism started the vast majority of their convictions Stalin had numerous customary convictions that neither Lenin nor Khrushchev held. Stalins inside and out ruthlessness, outperformed the Tsars as well as his socialist companions, as E. H Carr claims Stalin resuscitated and exceeded the brutalities of before Tsars2

Brothels and Convents in Renaissance and Measure for Measure Essay Example for Free

Whorehouses and Convents in Renaissance and Measure for Measure Essay In this examination I will concentrate for the most part on the guideline of the two religious communities and massage parlors in the timeframe of Shakespeare and the early Renaissance. Ruth Mazo Karras’ â€Å"The Regulation of Brothels in Later Medieval England,† centers precisely around this point all through England and other European nations during the Renaissance. With respect to the religious communities I will be taking a gander at an article entitled â€Å"Subjects on the Worlds Stage: Essays on British Literature of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance,† composed by David G. Allen and Robert A. White. The guidelines of houses of ill-repute in the Renaissance were respected intensely. Karras says that ladies inside these houses of ill-repute were fundamentally viewed as detestable and as miscreants yet they remained involving the situation of prostitution exclusively in light of the sexual craving of men; these massage parlors were considered â€Å"†¦a important evil† (Karras). The main equal between ladies of religious circles and stews I came to discover was that of the part of being taboo from society it might be said. Ladies of communities were totally separated from general society, no insiders could leave and no untouchables could come in (Allen). The main distinction in the mystery of these two spots was the way that the houses of ill-repute were gone to by men. Karras additionally expresses that the ladies of houses of ill-repute were not given any rights that standard ladies had, â€Å"In a few spots, she was not permitted to dismiss any client, in reality cou ldn't be assaulted in light of the fact that she was considered to have a place with all men and therefore reserved no option to retain consent† (Karras). These two parts of women’s lives in this timeframe have a significant influence in the dramatization Measure for Measure, and particularly set up the scene in the initial demonstration of the play. When Claudio sends for his sister, Isabel, to assist him with escaping prison, in which he was condemned to death for having pre-marriage (by the eyes of the congregation) sex with Juliet, Isabel leaves the religious circle wherein she was going to take her pledges so as to spare her sibling. In this manner, we have a nearly pious devotee and wicked intercourse promptly in Act 1, both legitimately identified with the possibility of religious circles and whorehouses and the ladies inside these spots. For this situation, in any case, Juliet isn't a whore however according to Angelo and the law is viewed as one as a result of her and Claudio’s informal and deficient marriage.

How to Write Career Goals Essay Samples?

<h1>How to Write Career Goals Essay Samples?</h1><p>If you are searching for vocation objectives article tests, at that point you are in the ideal spot. These are some simple to follow models that will help you recorded as a hard copy the best profession objective. You should simply to figure out how to compose a lifelong objective. The best ones are those that are easy to comprehend and there are no confounding ideas engaged with the process.</p><p></p><p>It is one thing to figure out how to compose a profession objectives exposition however it is something else to compose the most ideal ones. Composing a decent vocation objective doesn't really mean you will have the option to meet every one of your necessities as you probably are aware on account of any objective. You need to take a gander at the subtleties that issue most to you and set down every one of these subtleties in a vocation objective that will clearly address your issues. It is the best possible execution of your vocation objectives that matters. For instance, on the off chance that you are aspiring and need to be a bank chief or you need to accomplish a definitive profession objective, at that point you should attempt to compose your vocation objective as such.</p><p></p><p>The best profession objectives must contain all the data about the vocation that you need to have. It must be to such an extent that it turns out to be clear when you need to apply and it must be custom-made to fit the standards of your activity. The best vocation objectives ought to be both in composed and verbal structure and the subject of how to compose a profession objective ought to be completely understood.</p><p></p><p>One simple approach to compose a profession objective is by composing a blueprint first. The blueprint will help you in understanding what is significant and what should be changed. The subsequent stage is to draw up the profession objectives with the assistance of a pen or pencil. Along these lines you won't need to do all the keeping in touch with yourself and you can focus on the better parts of the vocation objective. The models given in these models can likewise help you in getting into the right attitude of composing a profession goal.</p><p></p><p>Another thing that helps recorded as a hard copy vocation objectives is to take out a bit of paper and record all the achievements that are critical to you. This will help you in building your profession way. By following the model given, you will have the option to see that you are continually making new achievements that will lead you to the last objective. Along these lines, your vocation objective will be viable and profitable. After this, you will have all the vital components to compose your best vocation goal.</p><p></p><p>One other method of composing profession objectives is by making i t sequential. The tips given in these models are ordered and they will help you recorded as a hard copy the most essential achievements. Compose the vocation objectives as indicated by your life. Along these lines, you will have the option to make a timetable of your life and when you arrive at the achievements throughout your life, you will consequently have recorded the vocation goals.</p><p></p><p>These are a few hints for composing profession objectives that will help you recorded as a hard copy the most ideal vocation objectives. In this way, remember to get all the assistance that you have to compose the best profession objectives that will really lead you to the success.</p>

College Essay About Sickness - Tips To Finish Your Essay On Time

<h1>College Essay About Sickness - Tips To Finish Your Essay On Time</h1><p>Writing a school article about ailment isn't a simple assignment. The issues that you face around there are extremely mind boggling. In any case, the measure of exertion that you put into it is likewise significant. In this way, here are a few hints that will assist you with completing your paper about infection in the most expert manner possible.</p><p></p><p>First of all, there are a few things that you need to remember when composing a school article about ailment. One of the most significant thing that you need to consider is the means by which you are going to structure your article. This is so in light of the fact that it is here where you need to introduce all the focuses that you need to be comprehended. You can either have a presentation that centers around what your point is about or you can have a completion that closes with the finish of the topic.</p&g t;<p></p><p>One significant hint for composing a theme for a school exposition about affliction is to ensure that you concoct in any event three significant things to discuss. This is so on the grounds that you have to make a blueprint of your theme and this will give you an excellent structure for composing your paper. What's more, you have to incorporate data about the timeframe that you are discussing. All things considered, the article should be intriguing so you need to give a valiant effort to make it so.</p><p></p><p>The second step that you have to ensure that you do is to ensure that you remember significant data for your exposition. Since it is a point that manages sickness, you need to ensure that you present pertinent realities and thoughts. On the off chance that you do exclude enough data, at that point you may hazard losing the peruser's consideration. In this way, you have to consider these things before you begin composing y our essay.</p><p></p><p>Finally, you likewise need to ensure that you think of intriguing points. Since this is a point that manages disorder, you have to ensure that you present realities and thoughts that are speaking to the peruser. One significant hint for composing a subject for a school article about ailment is to ensure that you center around realities that are intriguing. This is so in light of the fact that you have to acquire smart thoughts. Thus, make certain to make papers that are useful and interesting.</p><p></p><p>Writing a school article about infection isn't unreasonably troublesome in the event that you realize what you are doing. Obviously, you have to expressly state in some exertion a point for a school article about infection. Be that as it may, this ought not be sufficient. Actually, you need to ensure that you do a decent job.</p><p></p><p>This is so in light of the fact that you won't h ave a lot of time to compose an exposition around there. Subsequently, you have to invest the additional exertion with the goal that you will have the option to complete your theme in no energy. Along these lines, as a decent tip, don't skip on the exertion with the goal that you will have the option to complete your paper in no time.</p>

What High Shcool Essay Samples to Consider For Writing High Shcool Papers?

<h1>What High Shcool Essay Samples to Consider For Writing High Shcool Papers?</h1><p>High school exposition tests are your most obvious opportunity to score focuses in secondary school or school. Such a rundown is structured by specialists to help your endeavors in scoring high evaluations. A thorough prospectus for the subject of secondary school might be something that you have done up to now, however this may be the perfect chance to test your abilities. Observe these privileged insights to show signs of improvement grades.</p><p></p><p>Your List of Sample Papers: The initial step to having an exhaustive rundown is to thought of a rundown of test papers. This should be a thorough rundown that you are going to peruse before you pick a paper from it. There are numerous interesting points here. Above all else, you need to think about your favored subject. Next you need to ensure that your rundown has all the necessary data on the paper, whic h are the title, creator, area and a certain date.</p><p></p><p>Check for Fake Papers: Do not fall into the snare of getting a paper in light of the fact that the subject matches the one that you have picked. You may be happy with a specific paper yet later find that it is phony. In this manner you ought to consistently check the data of the paper cautiously. Additionally ensure that the paper isn't excessively specialized or a lot of paper. You ought to have the option to appreciate the possibility of the paper without problems.</p><p></p><p>Give Tested Answers: The exact opposite thing that you ought to do is check the tests and the test answers. A few people are so anxious to get their secondary school paper tests that they offer numerous attempts to get immaculate responses. Regardless of whether the paper is from a college, you need to guarantee that the appropriate responses given by the understudy are checked well. Various schoo ls use question papers for the secondary school expositions. You ought to guarantee that the appropriate responses are in fact from the sources. You may have run over some phony answer answers.</p><p></p><p>Has Familiarized Yourself With High Shcool Essay Samples: You can get the data about High school paper tests from the web. Numerous destinations offer superb data with respect to exposition tests. Likewise numerous understudies use them to test themselves. In this manner you ought to be very much educated before giving a hand to begin the project.</p><p></p><p>Then there is in every case great direction from instructors and different guides. In the event that you are not getting anything from your companions or from the school, at that point you ought to return to the web to investigate for secondary school exposition tests. Continuously accept this counsel seriously.</p><p></p><p>Once you have some secondary school exposition tests, you can compose well. You can gain admittance to the sites of the writers and get a thought of their composing aptitudes. The more you do it, the better your odds are of scoring better grades in the up and coming exams.</p>

Cultural Background Research Paper Topics

<h1>Cultural Background Research Paper Topics</h1><p>Before you compose your Cultural Background Research Paper, it is important that you make a note of the data required to precisely examine the historical backdrop of the nation. While it might appear to be dreary, you will find that carrying out this responsibility is fundamental for the achievement of your exploration. You should comprehend that the composing style you decide for your examination paper will mirror your personality.</p><p></p><p>One of the most widely recognized and effectively accessible sources to inquire about the social foundation of a nation are the numerous books and other printed assets accessible. This doesn't imply that you should depend completely on these printed assets to do your Cultural Background Research Paper. You can in any case use books just as magazines notwithstanding TV programs to consider the social foundation of a country.</p><p></p& gt;<p>The best part about doing your Cultural Background Research Paper for your group is that it is a lot simpler than different sorts of subjects. This implies you don't need to go through hours investigating for data. You don't need to go through any cash either since it is a generally accessible source that everybody can utilize.</p><p></p><p>Books regarding this matter are anything but difficult to track down. You simply need to realize where to search for them. Be that as it may, before you really purchase a book on the theme, you should be certain that it has all the vital data. Without the best possible information, the book can no longer fill its need of filling in as a guide for you to find out about the social foundation of a country.</p><p></p><p>If you need to utilize a book, you should initially recognize what you need to peruse. It is insightful to invest some energy perusing the book and afterward choose whether o r not it is something that you would need to peruse all the time. On the off chance that the book is something that you essentially need to peruse once in a while, you can generally peruse the book on more than one occasion yet not daily.</p><p></p><p>Books and magazines are a significant wellspring of data when you are doing a Cultural Background Research Paper. On the off chance that you are going to utilize a magazine, you have to ensure that the magazine is distributed by a scholarly society. It would likewise be ideal if the magazine will be sent legitimately to you from the scholarly society. You would prefer not to hazard being trapped in a misunderstanding.</p><p></p><p>Books are additionally incredible wellsprings of data. They are normally elegantly composed and contain considerably more data than the magazines. Along these lines, it is ideal to have at any rate two books in your library on the off chance that you need to hav e the option to have different wellsprings of information.</p><p></p><p>Hopefully, this article on social foundation inquire about paper points will assist you with finding the correct data that you need so as to compose your Cultural Background Research Paper. Keep in mind, however, that the data that you use ought to be present and exact as possible.</p>

Illustration Essay Samples PDF

<h1>Illustration Essay Samples PDF</h1><p>Illustration article tests is a fantastic method to improve your composing abilities. The strategy is valuable for a great deal of people yet it doesn't generally require any uncommon preparing. In any case, in the event that you feel that it is somewhat hard to learn, at that point you can generally decide to take a class that would show you the aptitudes you are attempting to learn.</p><p></p><p>There are a great deal of instructors that have put forth the attempt to give showing materials on the Internet. A portion of these assets are the asset for the making of these delineation expositions. These are structured as aides that are expected to be used by a person who has no related knowledge in experimental writing. Notwithstanding, on the off chance that you despite everything need to gain proficiency with this strategy, at that point you need to find out about it the privilege way.</p><p& gt;</p><p>The procedures that are typically used to make representations is known as the graphing technique. It is a method used to compose a bit of the paper that has been recently taken a shot at by a visual craftsman. The vast majority today know about the Adobe Illustrator program and you don't have to make a special effort to figure out how to utilize the component to make these outlines. Actually, the two projects are extremely simple to work and you will find that they can make exceptionally alluring and reasonable looking illustrations.</p><p></p><p>If you intend to utilize a delineation for an illustrative exposition tests then it is basic that you make the realistic components as straightforward as could be expected under the circumstances. This will be particularly significant in light of the fact that you will do the entirety of the work all alone. So as to accomplish the conclusive outcome, you should know precisely what you are doing . What's more, you have to be able to play out an assortment of tasks.</p><p></p><p>Sketching is extremely basic. Actually, it is probably the most effortless aptitude that you can learn. You can buy the Adobe artist program which will empower you to have a decent delineation without accomplishing any genuine work. After you have made a bit of paper with the photos on it, you basically need to follow them onto the paper or photograph collection that you will be using.</p><p></p><p>You can likewise join components from both an a few pictures into a unique picture. You will likewise need to have the right stuff to have the option to adequately change over a photo into a plan. This is a decent aptitude to learn on the grounds that you should realize how to utilize Adobe Photoshop to change over your image into a plan. Moreover, you ought to likewise be comfortable with some essential website architecture programs.</p><p></p ><p>A little component can be changed into an enormous component to change it into something that you might want to introduce. There are a great deal of favorable circumstances to utilizing this method too. For example, you can even utilize delineations in different configurations to show a subject.</p><p></p><p>It isn't essential to have your PC capacities forward-thinking. It is really redundant for you to have the option to alter the pictures. In the event that you have never utilized Illustration programming, at that point you might need to consider taking a class with the goal that you can gain proficiency with the methods that are expected to utilize this technique.</p>

Essay Topics That Will Get Your 6th Grade Nonfiction Essay Published

<h1>Essay Topics That Will Get Your sixth Grade Nonfiction Essay Published</h1><p>When composing a verifiable exposition for your sixth grade understudies, you may need to choose the fitting article subject. There are a few choices that are accessible to you that will assist you with settling on the right one. The subject of this article can shift from governmental issues, instruction, religion, to self improvement books.</p><p></p><p>One of the most famous themes that are utilized by understudies in their sixth grade true to life expositions is legislative issues. They spread subjects, for example, why we choose our pioneers, how they are picked, and who runs our nation. Understudies find out about how the administration runs things in this topic.</p><p></p><p>Another well known subject is instruction. It is perhaps the best subject that understudies use for their exposition point since it is written in a straightforw ard and straight forward way. The learning materials are exceptionally helpful recorded as a hard copy training based essay.</p><p></p><p>Religion is another point that is utilized by understudies in their articles. In spite of the fact that religion is significant in the United States, numerous individuals are not happy with talking about religion in a paper. In any case, a few people contemplate religion can be edifying to the reader.</p><p></p><p>Self-help is additionally a well known theme recorded as a hard copy a paper. When composing an article on self improvement, understudies discover that the most significant part of a life is that you appreciate life. Subsequently, expounding on self improvement is exceptionally valuable in making consciousness of how one ought to live.</p><p></p><p>Some of the best exposition points are ones about honor winning book writers. When composing this kind of paper, underst udies discover that there are not many sorts of writers that are fruitful in getting individuals to purchase their book. The papers that are being composed on grant winning book writers give experiences on how another book could have been effective if the writer had composed it differently.</p><p></p><p>Other themes that are utilized for instructive exercises are those that help kids learn. Educators have the choice of including themes that show kids how to peruse and compose. This kind of subject permits the understudies to increase an enthusiasm for perusing and writing.</p><p></p><p>By utilizing the previously mentioned exposition points, understudies will find that they can compose an elegantly composed article. These exposition subjects have been inquired about and concentrated broadly. In this manner, the article themes are the most ideal subjects for an exposition. The theme can either be the acquaintance or the end with the ess ay.</p>

How to Find Order Research Paper Cheap

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Great College Tips That Everyone Should Know!

Great College Tips That Everyone Should Know! There are many great things about college. Unfortunately, the cost is not one of those great things. If you're in college right now, then you know how costly it can be. Paying for room and board, books, and more can really put a dent in your bank account. You might be able to spend less while in college by using the following tips. When you enter your room on the first day of college, the best thing that you can do is to fraternize with your roommates. These are going to be the people that you spend the rest of the year with so it is very smart to make friends with them immediately. Explore your options and pursue activities that interest and engage you during your off-time. By participating in a variety of activities, you will have a better resume for future employment applications. The key is to take on only what you can handle without sacrificing your academic performance. Make an effort to personally meet each of your professors at the start of the term. Keep their contact information and office locations in an easy to access place. It is wise to create a solid rapport in case you need a deadline extended or have another type of problem. Take advantage of the office hours offered by your academic instructors. These hours are provided for your benefit. There is no better source of help or information about a class than the person who teaches it! Use the time to ask questions, seek clarification, or discuss your in-class performance. There are many costs associated with college. Tuition, books, and living expenses are just a few of the things you'll be spending money on while in college. Don't let this discourage you though, as you can spend less if you know know. Just use the given tips and you'll be saving money in no time.

Sample Essay on Short Story - Essay Writing Tips

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Writing a Sample of a Research Paper

Writing a Sample of a Research PaperA sample of a research paper should be a part of any serious student's work. It will serve as a checklist of all the details of the research and will help the student write his paper with ease.The first section of a sample of a research paper is the Table of Contents. This must include the subject, author, name of the publisher, and the publication year. The table must also have the page numbers. These will make it easier for the reader to get the right chapter at the right time.Next is the Table of Figures. This is where you do your research on the figures of the study. You can include the range of data collected, the number of people in the group, age of the groups, etc. In the end it will be up to you how you would depict the figures. This section also includes the raw data that will provide you with accurate figures.The next section is the Data. This is where you collect all the data about the sample. The data can be as detailed as you wish it to be. But you must include all the necessary data from all the groups in the study.The Sample Method section is where you tell your reader about the types of samples that you have conducted. Each of these samples has its own method of collection, so it is important to mention them all. A sample of a research paper is incomplete without the data from each. But you can leave out a few, if you feel they are not important enough.The Sample Discussion is where you talk about the results. Make sure that you talk about each section in detail. Then, sum up your findings in this section. After the conclusion, you should include some suggestions about further research in this section. You should also give some examples to help the reader visualize the findings of the study.The Summary is where you summarize everything that you have written. You should emphasize that what the results mean, and what you need to do next. It should also state the strengths and weaknesses of the study. It will he lp the reader understand the findings of the research and motivate him to continue with the research. It is also where you give a brief outline of the paper and remind the reader that he should read the paper with an open mind.The last section of the sample is the Last Comments. This is where you stress your strong points and make the conclusion more convincing. If the sample was an essay, then this section is usually called the conclusion.

Analysis Of The Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini And Dead...

SOI-The purpose of this text was for a connection internal. I have tried to connect each text together through the theme of societal pressure. I have included aspects from each text and linked them together comparing them to real life situations. Growing up in such a judgemental world, we all get judged on the things we do, the clothes we wear, the way we look and the place we originate from. These aspects all blend into one major theme of societal pressure and create many difficulties for some teenagers growing up in this society. The texts, Try by Colbie Caillat, Thrift Shop by Macklemore, The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini and Dead Poet’s Society by Peter Weir, all incorporate different ways to express or overcome societal pressure, foreshadowing some sort of advice to the viewer or listener. This allows them to think about their actions and construct a unique world that is suitable for their own culture or living habits. Song lyrics can be a great way to express thoughts, ideas and themes. Societal pressure in this case is expressed through the song ‘Try’ by Colbie Caillat. Many people these days can be quite insecure about their looks, for example, women. In today’s world, we can cover up small marks with makeup and buy flashy dresses to make us look beautiful. However, all we are doing is creating a false image to society in order to make us feel accepted by one another. What the song is trying to convey is that natural beauty should be seen more often and that

Liquidity Ratios free essay sample

The difference between the two years is 0. 3p decrease. As Sainsbury’s needs to have a ? 2 to ? 1 earned, the price is behind in both years. This means that there is a 2 year crises at Sainsbury’s. Acid test ratio 2013 Current assets = 1901 Inventories = 987 Current liabilities = 3115 ATR = (CA – I) / CL = 0. 29 2012 Current assets =2032 Inventories = 938 Current liabilities =3136 ATR = (CA – I) / CL = 0. 34 The difference between the 2 years is that Sainsbury’s has a better ratio in 2012 with Sainsbury’s earning ? 0. 34p to every ? 1 that Sainsbury’s owe whereas in 2013, where they earn   0. 29p to every ? 1 earned. This should be ? 1. 50 to every ? 1 of debt. So in both years Sainsbury’s is falling behind in its ability to cope. This again shows the two year crises. Gross Profit Margin †¢This ratio shows how much gross profit the business makes for every ? 1 of sales †¢i. e. the relationship between sales and the l evel of profit before overheads are considered †¢The higher the percentage the better †¢A ‘good’ GPM figure will vary between industries †¢Improve ratio by increasing sales or reducing cost of sales Gross Profit Margin = (Gross profit / Sales) x 100 2013 = 5. We will write a custom essay sample on Liquidity Ratios or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 48% 2012 =5. 43% The higher the percentage resulting from the calculation is a better result. Sainsbury’s has had a 0. 05% in its gross profit margin, this can be improved through the increase in sales of stock or reduce cost of sales. Net Profit Margin †¢Shows how much net profit the business makes for every ? 1 of sales †¢Tells the business how efficiently it is controlling its expenses †¢The higher the percentage the better †¢Should be compared with GPM to identify where the problem lies †¢Improve the NPM by increasing sales or cutting expenses NPM = Net Profit / Sales x 100 (%)  2013 887 ? 5,734 x 100= 15. 47% 2012 874 ? 5,629 x 100= 15. 52% Between 2012 and 2013 Sainsbury’s Return on Capital Employed has fallen by 0. 05% which is bad for business as the fall will lead to two decisions either to increase sales or decrease the capital employed. Return on capital employed Return on Capital Employed = Op. Profit / Capital employed x 100 (%) à ¢â‚¬ ¢Shows the percentage return the owner of the business is receiving on his capital investment †¢Measures the efficiency of the firm in generating profits from the funds invested †¢The higher the percentage the better †¢The Return On Capital Employed figure is compared with alternative investments the owner could make with his funds. †¢If a better return can be made the owner should divest and invest elsewhere Rate of stock turnover RoST = Cost of Sales / Ave Stock Ave Stock = (Opening Stock + Closing Stock) / 2 2013 22,026 ? 987 = 22. 3 times a year. 2012 21,083 ? 938 = 22. 5 times a year. Sainsbury’s had run out of stock more in 2012 that they did 2013 with a decrease in stock sales. This can be improved by reducing the amount of stock held by the company. Debtors’ collection period DCP = (Debtors / Sales) x 365 (days in one year) It shows how long the business takes to collect money due from customers; the shorter the period the better, the figures must be compared with the allowed credit period of the business (usually 30 days). This can be improved by reducing the credit period or by improving the efficiency of collection procedures Debtors ? Sales x 365 (days) 2013: ? 23,303 x 365 Asset turnover Asset Turnover = Sales / Assets employed 2013 23,303 / 5,734 = 4. 06 2012 22,294 / 5,629 = 3. 96 Asset turnover measures how many pounds in sales the business can generate by using its assets. The higher the figures the better as this means the assets are ‘working harder’ or are better for the company. One can improve figure by increasing sales from the existing assets or by selling off under-used assets. Creditors Days Trade Creditors ? cost of sales x 365 days 2013 2,726 ? 22,026 x 365 = 45. 17 2012 2,740 ? 21,083 x 365 = 47. 43 The higher the better, normally businesses give 30 days to pay back the suppliers any longer they don’t like it. So in 2012 they took less time to pay back the suppliers than in 2013. . Gearing Gearing = (Long Term loans / capital employed) x 100 2012 3575 / 5629 x 100 = 63. 5% 2013 3846 / 5734 x 100 = 67% The lower the percentage the better, anything above 50% is considered bad. This means that business has borrowed a lot of money so they have more debt. To improve in 2014 they need to pay back loans or not borrow so much so their business isn’t financed mostly on debt. Shareholder’s ratio Shareholder equity ratio = total shareholder equity / total assets The higher the shares the better, this means that if the share price is higher, more investors will invest in the company.

The Inexplicable Mystery Into Research Paper Writing Help

The Inexplicable Mystery Into Research Paper Writing Help But What About Research Paper Writing Help? Sent from the best experts within the region of interest, each newspaper is wholly authentic and published all by yourself. Using our services is totally safe. If you are searching for a term paper help, you desire an expert researcher who knows the way to meet all the needs of your institution. Making the choice to employ a custom writing service is essential. You necessitate a research paper service which will provide you with the very best customer experience possible. When you get a research paper from a business, you would like to make sure you're getting the degree of consumer service you have earned. Not all research paper writing services are the very same, however, therefore it's important you don't simply pick the very first custom writing service firm that appears at the very top of your Google search query. Understanding how to compose a research paper outline can help save you a lot of time later on. In the first stages of your research, investigate everything it is possible to discover on the topic. Be prepared to modify the topic if you find out your research isn't going anywhere. Such research can take a lot of time and energy, which isn't always possible, particularly if your deadline is right around the corner and you must receive your work done whenever possible. New Questions About Research Paper Writing Help When you purchase an essay from us, you're guaranteed to relish individual approach because essay help offered by our writers is always customized depending on your requirements. Experienced term paper writers are affordable and they're able to help you acquire the information that you will need for your topic. The aim of expository writing is to provide the reader details. When students consider getting academic writing assistance from a writing service, it's understandable there could possibly be concerns about plag iarism. Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Research Paper Writing Help Is Wrong When choosing a topic, you also need to think about the expression paper's required length. You ought to make an outline. Taking the opportunity to compose a term paper outline is crucial because it permits you to find the structure of your paper and choose whether it's suitable and fulfills its objectives. On account of the several reasons, students believe that term paper is impossible for them. Writing a paper will raise your competence in some specifically significant area. Term paper writing is the vital part of the academic writing. Academic paper writing isn't as simple as writing something on a bit of paper. Term paper writing can cause a great deal of tension and headache. After all, should you not get your term paper delivered on time you're just wasting your money and you'll get a poor grade for not turning in your assignment in time. Learning to type is an excellent start. Our college term papers for sale supply you with a good deal every moment. A term paper is a complex kind of assignment due to the particular structure and requirements. A terrific research proposal is definitely the best confirmation you might have adequate quantity of proficiency and competence to do the tasks. An outline helps present arguments coherently so that you know what things to writ e about on each step of the entire process. As a way to do the assignment, you have to conduct extensive research to acquire a comprehension of the topic. The Secret to Research Paper Writing Help If you realize that you are worrying about how you'll juggle life and school, have a concept you'd like to turn into more than only an idea, need assistance with your thesis statement or even require a full term paper written for you, we encourage you to attain out to our customer service team to talk about your precise assignment in greater detail. Writing an appropriate thesis statement may also be challenging. The main reason is that some students have a tough time attempting to format their papers according to a particular citation style, while some cannot find the vital sources or merely lack the opportunity to make high-quality work. It is essential that the student needs to be motivated and he or she's going to be mentally relaxed to be able to do the brainstorming for the ter m paper writing. If you finish your paper haphazardly, you will destroy your grade and reputation. When you purchase a term paper from us, you may rest assured that we'll carefully comply with all the assignment instructions and supply you with a 100% error-free paper that will guarantee a great grade. The paper is going to be written based on your instructions and academic standards. Term paper has plenty of marks that will decide the last grade of the students.

Essay Topics For Heroes and Heroines - Folklore and Mythology

Essay Topics For Heroes and Heroines - Folklore and MythologyFolklore and mythology, a medium or inspiration to fiction writing can be found in almost any form of writing. Heroes and heroines that had to get through the trials of life are the focus of most of the stories.It is what inspired them and kept them going throughout life. In addition, if it was written by someone who actually lived it, then it can become an inspiration. In essence, the idea is 'God's plan.' So, fiction writer just has to find their muse.One popular topic is folklore and mythology because most of the media is based on it. In fact, many famous books have been based on this. Movies, TV shows, and most popular songs are based on myths.Folklore and mythology are filled with so much information, you would not believe what they say. There are so many myths and stories, that it is virtually impossible to know everything there is to know about them.However, one can learn enough of what is said to be able to understa nd the myths. Some people find it intriguing while others find it really silly.In general, these have been the subjects of literature and literary forms for a long time. These types of writings are found in stories that were passed down from one generation to another. This can also be included in novels that deal with legends.The most popular myths are the ones that are passed down. The author or writer of the story is the one who writes the myth. Since people have been sharing their stories with one another, they continue to pass them on to newer generations.A good topic for essays will include mythology because it is such a broad subject and the readers can find so much information from different sources. It is easy to include what is said, by people who actually lived the myths.

How to Cite From Essay in Writing and Other Best Methods to Earn a Good Grade

How to Cite From Essay in Writing and Other Best Methods to Earn a Good GradeHow to cite from essay in writing and other best methods to earn a good grade is one of the most important things to consider for all students. The university is the major place where students are studying and the place where they are used to work hard everyday. Therefore, the scholarship offers, master's degree programs and post-graduate programs must be applied well and must be followed strictly to achieve the best grades.Finding good ways to get an A in the class will always depend on the individual. It can even be the case that students do not have time to make sure if the information is true or not. Therefore, many times they would get distracted with other things and get distracted with irrelevant and useless questions. So, the best way to find out the facts is to use the internet.The easiest ways to know the answers is to simply check with the internet. You can simply go through the information and ve rify the facts you found out. This will help you earn a good grade and also help you learn more. Nowadays, there are many ways to check the facts and the answers that you would like to know.The first and the easiest ways to know the answers is by searching the internet. You can search for the answers you want to know by using the keywords or abbreviations of the course you are studying. The following question is how to cite from essay in writing? By typing in the keywords you found in the article or internet, it will bring up the definition of the term in plain English.Another easy way to know the answers is by getting the feedback from the lecturer and the good questions that you would like to ask. You can ask them by either emailing or via telephone. These things will help you know how to cite from essay in writing and other ways to earn a good grade.All in all, the tips mentioned above are the easy ways to find the answers you want to get. It is really helpful to know how to cite from essay in writing and other best methods to earn a good grade.Getting a good grade will help your career to advance and will surely help you get a great job. With this, many students would love to obtain this degree. Therefore, it is best that you follow these tips to obtain a good grade.

Why Do I Need a Sample Essay Report?

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Training Report Essay Example

Training Report Essay It is always a pleasure to remind the fine people in the Engineering Workshops for their sincere guidance I received to uphold my practical as well as theoretical skills in engineering. Firstly I would like to thank Prof. Sanath Ranathunga (Dean/Engineering and Senior Lecturer/Department of Production Engineering) for convincing me the fact â€Å"Whatever a man can imagine, that can be achieved†, treating me as a son of his own and guiding me to taste the real flavor of engineering. Secondly I would like to thank Dr. S. D. Pathirana (Director/Engineering Workshops and Senior Lecturer/Department of Production Engineering) for the positive attitude he showed for my work, always allowing me to question him and giving prompt replies for my uncertainties in all the fields including educational, social and managerial to labor work. And I always great him for his aspects of crew resource management who always said, â€Å"I may be wrong†. Thirdly I would like to thank Mr. Sarath Perera (Senior Teaching Assistant) and Mr. Mahanama Dharmawardhana (Teaching Assistant) of Department of Production Engineering for extending their friendship towards me and making a pleasure-training environment in the Engineering Workshops. A paper is not enough for me to express the support and guidance I received from them almost for all the work I did there. Dr. We will write a custom essay sample on Training Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Training Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Training Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Devapriya Dewasurendra (Head and Senior Lecturer/Department of Production Engineering) is always reminded for allowing me to work in the machine tools in the Department. Mr. A. Illamurugan (Senior Teaching Assistant), Miss F. Faslina Badurdeen (Lecturer) and all the instructors of the Department of Production Engineering are greeted as well fir various supports they extended. The Workshop Engineer Mr. M. M. K. Sirisena, Workshop Superintendents and all other workmen are also greeted. I thank all the NAITA trainees who underwent training with me for the mutual support I received from them. Mr. S. B. Wijekoon (Senior Lecturer) and Mr. W. M. R. U. Wickramasinghe (Senior Teaching Assistant) of the Industrial Training Unit of the Faculty are very much thanked for allowing me to have my training in Engineering Workshops. Finally I apologize all other unnamed who helped me in various ways to have a good training. Knowledge is power and unity is strength. 4 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Being a public property, the Engineering Workshops is a section of the Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya. In collaboration with the other departments, its prime purpose is to provide facilities for the engineering undergraduates to perform the academic activities of the Faculty of Engineering. During the time of training, it comprised a resource crew of fifty one members directed by Dr. S. D. Pathirana, a senior lecturer of the Department of Production Engineering. 1. 1 SERVICES AND MAJOR FUNCTIONS The infrastructure of the Engineering Workshops could provide the following listed services to its consumers both in academic and non-academic terms. Machining of metals Welding Foundry work Smith and fitting work Woodwork Vehicle repair Subject to the rules established by the Faculty and the University, deploying the following functions was expected from it. Provide above mentioned services to the engineering undergraduates to carry out their academic activities such as practicals, experiments and etc. Provide above mentioned services to the Faculty of Engineering and the University as a whole if requested. Within the feasibility limits, provide above mentioned services to the public. (Service cost is usually expected to be charged from the service consumers). It is important to distinctly note that the Engineering Workshops could provide related knowledge wise services to other engineering organizations and to the public who need assistance in their work. . 2 DIFFERENT SECTIONS AND CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS The Engineering Workshops itself is a collection of five different subsections that are interrelated. Brief descriptions about them are given below. 5 1. 2. 1 DIFFERENT SECTIONS 1. 2. 1. 1 Metal Workshop The Metal Workshop is the place for machining metals. It comprises the following prominent machine tools with other supporting machines a nd equipments. Drilling machines Engraving machines Gear shapers Grinding machines Lathe machines * Several varieties of some of these machine tools could be found for specialized operations. Milling machines Planers Shaping machines Slotting machines 1. 2. 1. 2 Welding And Foundry Shop The Welding and Foundry shop comprised equipment to deploy following services: Arc welding Metal casting Mig welding Oxyacetylene welding Spot welding Tig welding 1. 2. 1. 3 Smithy And Fitting Shop The Smithy And Fitting Shop mostly comprised hand tools (anvils, hammers, chisels, etc. ) and some machine tools (Electric hammer and sheet metal rollers, benders and cutters). 1. 2. 1. 4 Woodwork Shop Comprised of 10 carpenters and 2 laborers the Woodwork Shop enclosed the following machine tools. Band saw Circular saw Disc and bobbin sander Double end tenoner Drill Mortiser Pattern miller Router 6 Saw and planner Thickness planner Wood planer Wood turning lathe 1. 2. 1. 5 Vehicle Repair Unit The Vehicle Repair Unit extends its services to the whole University. It comprised the following work force: Electricians (1) Greasers (3) Mechanics (3) Welders (1) 1. 2. 1. 6 Other Sections The Tool Store and the Consumable Good Store being separate from the above supply the tools and consumable goods to all the above five subsections. 1. 2. 2 CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS The Engineering Workshops has close relationships with the other departments of the Faculty and especially with the Department of Production Engineering through which the academic activities are conducted. On the other hand, machine tools and equipments of the Department of Production Engineering are also used to carry out the tasks of the Engineering Workshops freely. Specially, the Computer Numeric Controlled (CNC) Machining Center. 1. 3 SITE LAYOUT Gate 1 Gate 2 Faculty Main Corridor Woodwork Vehicle Tool Consumable goods Welding Metal Smithy fitting Foundry Figure 1-1 The Engineering Workshops 7 1. 4 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE Chart 1-1 shows the hierarchical structure of the University of Peradeniya pointing the position of the Engineering Workshops in it. UNIVERSITY OF PERADENIYA CHANCELLOR VICE CHANCELLOR DEANS OF OTHER FACULTIES DEAN/ENGINEERING HEADS OF OTHER DEPARTMENTS DIRECTOR ENGINEERING WORKSHOPS Chart 1-1 Organizational Structure Of The University Of Peradeniya Chart 1-2 shows the internal organizational structure of the Engineering Workshops. 8 DIRECTOR ENGINEERING WORKSHOPS [DR. S. D. PATHIRANA] WORKSHOP ENGINEER (1) [MR. M. M. K. SIRISENA] WORKSHOP SUPERINTENDENTS (2) METAL WORKSHOPS WOODWORK SHOP WELDING FOUNDRY SMITHY FITTING VEHICLE REPAIR UNIT (48 Workmen: Technicians, Clerks, Mechanics, Carpenters, Welders, Foundry men, Electricians, Machinists and Laborers) Chart 1-2 Internal Organizational Structure Of The Engineering Workshops 9 CHAPTER 2: MATERIALS AND CUTTING SPEEDS Production of an item with desired qualities inherently involves the knowledge of the materials that should be used for the product and the qualities of them. A simple example is using stainless steel for a product that should not get stained. Furthermore the effective processing of these materials until a finished product is obtained requires the knowledge of processing characteristics of the materials. For example consider machining stainless steel. Some important points to be considered are: The tool material that should be used. The level of machining (i. e. rough or finish) The cutting speed Requirement of coolants Table 2-1 gives the cutting speeds of the commonly used materials under different conditions. 10 Table 2-1 Cutting Speeds Workpiece Material Rough cut (ft/min) Finish cut (ft/min) Rough cut (ft/min) Finish cut (ft/min) Cast iron Mild Steel Malleable iron 80-110 110-130 250-300 300-400 Cast iron Bronze Aluminium Stainless steel 100-120 100-120 140-200 240-360 Brass HSS tools 50-60 80-110 120-200 350-400 40-50 65-90 140-160 250-300 45-60 70-90 150-180 200-250 110-150 150-180 600 1000 400 700 800 1000 200-300 200-300 600-1000 600-1000 Carbide tools 11 CHAPTER 3: MACHINE TOOLS AND SPECIFICATIONS 3. 1 PLANNING MACHINE Unlike most of other machines, the planning machine contains a sliding table which carries the workpiece. Cutting tools do not move but the workpiece. The one in Metal Workshop was not frequently used because of the heavy operating cost. It was only used for heavy duty metal works. The prime mover of the sliding table is a DC motor with the following specifications. Volts Amps HP rpm Excitation Volts Rating Insulation Class Year BSS 115/39 25/113 15/4. 5 1500/720/225 110 Cont E 1965 261 315 7 The DC supply for the above motor is obtained from a DC generator which is directly coupled to an induction motor driven by main AC supply of the Metal Workshop. The rating of those are as follows: DC Generator Specifications: Volts Current 115/39 113 A 12 Power rpm Excitation Winding Rating Insulation Class Year BSS 13 kW 1440 110 V Comp. Int. Cont E 1965 2613/57 Induction Motor Specifications: Volts Current Power Rpm Rating Stator Insulation Class Year BSS 400/440 (3 Phase 50Hz) 27. 5 A 21 HP 1440 Cont Delta E 1965 2613/57 13 3. 2 UNIVERSAL MILLING MACHINE The universal milling machine in the Metal Workshop has a horizontally swivel bed and can be used in both vertical and horizontal milling arrangements. The detachable milling head is used when vertical milling is performed and can be turned vertically to mill at any other inclination. Specifications of the machine are listed below. Manufacturer Spindle motor Brown and Sharp MFG Company, USA 230 V, 3 phase, 50 Hz, 9 A (full load) Cutter Speeds Feed rates 33 to 1275 rpm 3/8 to 16 7/8 inch/min 3. 3 SHAPER A shaper contains a table on which the workpiece is mounted. The linear movement of the cutting tool wipes away the excess material. This is exactly the opposite of what happens in the planning machine where the tool is fixed and the workpiece is linearly moved. The Metal Workshop has two shapers, a fully mechanical one and a hydraulic operated one. The ram moving motor of the fully mechanical shaper is of 2HP and that of the hydraulic one is 7. 5HP. The mechanical shaper has a constant speed prime mover which turns a disk as shown in Figure 3-1 to convert the rotational movement of the prime mover into reciprocal motion of the cutting tool. TOO e Figure 3-1 Rotational Into Reciprocal Motion Conversion 14 This arrangement allows quick return motion. Further more this allows feed rate change without any gear arrangement or control of speed of motor. This is done by varying the eccentricity e. The higher the e, the higher the feed rate is. A simple trade off of this feed rate control system is that as the feed rate is reduced, the stroke of the ram also gets reduced. The hydraulic type shaper does not have this problem and the feed rate and the stroke can be independently controlled. Figure 3-2 shows the hydraulic arrangement. This machine has been manufactured by Rockford Machine Tool, Rockford, Illinois, USA. CYLINDER PISTON CONNECTED TO RAM HYDRAULIC SWITCH HUDRAULIC PUMP OIL SUMP Figure 3-2 Hydraulic Arrangement Of The Shaper 3. 4 HAND DRILL A hand drill is a versatile equipment which can be freely used for drilling holes as well as for some other purposes where a portable rotational prime mover is required. The specifications of the NHP1030 hand drill manufactured by Makita Corporation, Japan are given below. Supply 230 VAC, 2. 0 A, 50-60 Hz 430 W 0-2700 rpm drill Power Speed Maximum bit size 10 mm 15 CHAPTER 4: CNC MACHINING CENTER 4. 1 HITACHI SEIKI VA35 CNC MACHINING CENTER The Hitachi Seiki VA35 CNC (Computer Numeric Controlled) machining center that belongs to the Department of Production Engineering is frequently used for accurate and automated machining of metals as well as for wood, plastic and other materials. The machining accuracy of the machine is 0. 001mm. Figure 4-2 shows various parts of the machine tool. Figure 4-1 Hitachi Seiki VA35 CNC Machining Center 16 Figure 4-2 Hitachi Seiki VA35 CNC Machining Center 17 Manufactured by Hitachi Seiki Co. Ltd. , Japan, the control unit of this numerically controlled milling machine is of Fanuc System 6M-B. The controlling is based on two Intel 8085 microprocessors. Figure 4-3 is a block diagram which shows the controlling structure of the CNC machine. EEPROM OR TAPE INPUT CONTROL MICRO PROCESSOR ROM SPINDLE POSITION X,Y,Z POSITION X S SPINDLE MOTOR MOTOR DRIVER Y Z X,Y,Z MOVEMENT MOTORS Figure 4-3 Numerical Control Of The Machine 4. 2 MACHINE SPECIFICATIONS 4. 2. GENERAL INFORMATION Manufacturer Model Control unit Weight Hitachi Seiki Co. Ltd. , Japan VA 35–II Fanuc System 6M–B 4000 kg 18 4. 2. 2 TABLE Working area Maximum carrying capacity 1000*355 mm2 500 Kg 4. 2. 3 STROKES x-axis stroke in the crosswise direction of the table y-axis stroke in the longitudinal direction of the table z-axis stroke in the vertical direction of the spindle head Distance between the spindle nose and top of the table 560 mm 350 mm 400 mm 150-550 mm 4. 2. 4 SPINDLE HEAD Spindle nose contour Spindle speed Spindle speed change Spindle motor NT 40 60-600 rpm Stepless (s 4 digit) AC 5. kW (30 min) 4. 2. 5 FEED Least increment Cutting feed rate Rapid traverse 0. 001 mm 3600 mm/min 13000 mm/min 19 4. 2. 6 AUTOMATIC TOOL CHANGE (ATC) No. of tools Shank type Maximum tool diameter Maximum tool length Maximum tool weight Tool selection method Pull stud type 30 BT 40, CAT 40 95 mm 250 mm 10 kg Random shortest course MAS 1 4. 3 G CODE AND M CODE The entire functioning of the machine is based on G Code and M Code specifications. G Codes define the preparatory functions of the machine. In simple terms, they control the movement and machining related functions of the machine tool. For example, the code G76 followed by some related arguments is used for fine boring. G00 with X,Y,Z arguments rapidly moves the bed and the spindle head to the position specified by the arguments. M Codes are known as auxiliary functions. They control specific behaviors of the machine. For example M08 turns on the coolant, M05 stops the spindle. 4. 4 AN EXAMPLE PROGRAM The listing given below is a program which was used to bore holes in couplings of two turbines which were manufactured in the Engineering Workshops. It is written in G and M Codes. Unless otherwise stated, all the dimensions are in mm. 1 2 3 4 5 G28 G91 Z0; G28 X0 Y0; G40 G49; G90; G92 X253. 087 Y177. 818 Z343. 05; 20 6 7 8 9 G00 x131. 25; G00 Z5. 0 F10; M03 S150; M98 P151; 10 M05; 11 M09; 12 G28 G91 Z0; 13 G28 X0 Y0; 14 M30; 15 % The meaning of each line is given below. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Return to reference point, Incremental programming, Z=0 is the reference point (Z movement only) Return to reference point, X=0 and Y=0 (X and Y movements only) Tool diameter compensation cancel, Tool length offset cancel Absolute programming Programming of absolute zero point, X=253. 87, Y=177. 818, Z=343. 05 Positioning (rapid), X=131. 25, Y=0 Positioning (rapid), Z=5. 0, Feed rate set to 10 mm/min Spindle rotation CW, speed=150 rpm Sub program (o0151) call-out 10 Spindle stop 11 Mist/coolant off 12 Return to reference point, Z=0, Incremental programming (Z movement only) 13 Return to reference point, X=0 and Y=0 14 End of program, Control unit reset 15 Just display the end of current listing Line 9 in the above program calls the sub program o0151. This sub program is the actual part of the program which bore holes and is listed below. 21 1 2 3 4 G76 G98 X131. 25 Y0. Z-52. 0 Q0. 5 R2. 0; X119. 903 Y53. 384; (some more x and y values) M99; The meaning of each line is as follows: 1 Fine boring; Return to initial level in canned cycle after finishing; Starting X,Y coordinate: X=131. 25, Y=0. 0; Final Z coordinate = -52. 0; Before boring tool is taken out, move it 0. 5 away from the bored wall of the workpiece; Radius of boring = 2. 0 (This value does not have any effect on boring since the tool determines the actual radius. ). Repeat boring for X=119. 903 and Y=53. 384. Repeat the same in line 2. End of sub program. 2 3 4 4. 5 STEPS IN USING THE MACHINE The distinct operations involved in using the CNC machine are listed below in sequence they are done. 1. Generating the program (in G M Codes) 2. Sending it to the machine 3. Running the program First a drawing of the machined workpiece is created using AutoCAD in a PC. Then using a special routine of AutoCAD, the contours of the cutting tool are generated. This is finally stored as a text file in the hard drive of the PC. Next, the CNC machine is set to retrieve this file. Through the coaxial cable which links the PC and CNC machine, it is then fed into the machine tool. A numeric name for the program is given at the beginning of the file retrieval to figure out the starting point (or the address in the memory) of the retrieving program from earlier read programs. Using this numeric name of the program, it is taken to the front from other programs in the memory and it stays waiting to run. Pressing the Start button sequentially executes the listing. Figure 4-4 shows the monitor (on the Main Control Panel) displaying a program waiting to be executed. If needed a program can directly be written using the Main Control Panel of the CNC machine and executed. This is tedious and errors may occur easily. 22 Figure 4-4 A Program Waiting To Be Executed (Sub Control Panel Display) 23 CHAPTER 5: FEASIBILITY SURVEY ON A MINI-HYDRO POWER PROJECT 5. 1 INTRODUCTION This chapter described the methods that were used for flow rate prediction and measurement and head measurement of a stream called Madapiti Oya in Nuwara Eliya district as a feasibility survey to construct a mini-hydropower plant. APPENDIX A: FEASIBILITY REPORT ON THE PROPOSED MINI-HYDRO POWER PROJECT AT KABARAGALA ESTATE contains full details of it. The capacity of a hydropower scheme entirely depends on two factors being the water flow rate and the head (the height difference between the reservoir and the power house). 5. 2 FLOW PREDICTION AND MEASUREMENT Two methods that were carried around the stream are described here. One is a flow prediction method and the other one is a flow measurement method. 5. 2. 1 AREA-RAIN FALL METHOD This is a flow prediction method. In simple terms, the catchment area of a water stream is multiplied by the rainfall to find the flow. Figure 5-1 shows an example contour map that can be used in this method to find the catchment area of a stream. The lighter dashed lines enclose the areas. For example the area which determines the flow at point B of the stream is enclosed by the outer light dashed lines bounded by three mountain peaks. Figure 5-1 Using A Contour Map To Find The Catchment Of A Stream Figure 5-2 shows a simple representation of a hydrological cycle. It is seen that sub-surface transfer flow, evaporation and transpiration reduce some amount of water from the value 24 calculated just by multiplying the area and the rainfall. Depending on the weather and geographical conditions, suitable corrections for these can be applied for a more accurate flow prediction. Figure 5-2 The Hydrological Cycle 5. 2. 2 THE FLOAT METHOD This is a flow measurement method. As shown in Figure 5-3, the time taken for a float to travel a known distance on the surface of the stream is found and hence the mean velocity of the stream. The mean velocity depends on the bed surface of the stream and hence a correction factor is applied for the velocity given by the division of the float length by the time in calculating it. The mean cross sectional area of the steam is also found. The flow is obtained by multiplying the mean values of cross sectional area and velocity. Figure 5-3 Float Method Of Flow Measurement 25 5. 3 HEAD MEASUREMENT 5. 3. 1 PRESSURE GAUGE METHOD Being not a very accurate method, pressure gauge method of head measurement employees a calibrated pressure gauge into which a long transparent water filled open ended pipe is fitted. A B Figure 5-4 Pressure Gauge Method Of Height Measurement Figure 5-4 shows how a pressure gauge is used in height measurement. The calibrated pressure gauge at B directly reads the pressure at point B with reference to point A. This reading can then be used to calculate the height difference between points A and B using the density of water. The open end A of the pipe is then taken to point B and the meter can then be moved down to a point below the point B. This is done from the expected beginning to the expected end of the penstock and the head is calculated from the sum of reading of the meter. 5. 3. 2 TACHEOMETRIC SURVEYING This is an accurate method of head measurement which uses an optical theodolite as shown in Figure 5-5. Figure 5-5 Tacheometric Surveying A measuring staff is kept at point X and readings at points A, B and C which can be identified because of the cross hairs and stadia hairs of the instrument are taken. The inclination of the 26 ines of sight (? ) is also taken. These measurement can be mathematically manipulated to find the vertical and horizontal distances between the instrument and a given point. Thus a vertical profile along a path can be generated. If a compass is additionally used at the instrument position to find the direction of point X relative to some reference direction (magnetic nort h), a bird’s eye view of the surveyed path can also be drawn. 27 CHAPTER 6: MANUFACTURING CROSS FLOW TURBINES 6. 1 INTRODUCTION During the time of training, two similar 280kW cross flow turbines were manufactured in the Engineering Workshops. They were intended to be directly coupled to the generator as shown in Figure 6-1. WATER TURBINE COUPLING WATER GENERATOR Figure 6-1 Direct Coupled Turbine The following sections describe each component of the above system. 6. 2 A CROSS FLOW TURBINE Figure 6-2 shows the cross section of a cross flow turbine that had been manufactured earlier in the Engineering Workshops. 28 Figure 6-2 A Cross Flow Turbine In a cross flow turbine, the blades are arranged in a squirrel cage. Water from the penstock hits a blade and travels across the cage, hits a second blade and leaves out. This is illustrated in Figure 6-2. The turbine shown in Figure 6-2 has a governor connected to it internally. The latter produced ones do not contain governors. Figure 6-3 shows the external dimensions of a 280kW cross flow turbine that was manufactured in the Engineering Workshops. 29 520mm 590mm ? 80mm 540mm 840mm 770mm Figure 6-3 External Dimensions Of A 280kW Cross Flow Turbine The squirrel cage blade structure of the turbine is kept in position by two bearings at each end of the rotor. The especial feature is that one of them is of self aligned type. A self aligned bearing allows the axis of the shaft which goes through it not to be the same axis of the outer fixed frame and the inclination may vary. This is shown in Figure 6-4. INCLINED TRUE AXIS OF ROTATION NOMINAL AXIS OF ROTATION Figure 6-4 A Self Aligned Bearing The self aligned bearing allows the manufacturing eccentricity of the bearing mounts not to cause vibrations or related mechanical failures. 30 6. 3 COUPLINGS The connection between the turbine and the generator is established by a set of cast iron couplings shown in Figure 6-5. Each of these couplings contains fifteen nylon bushes. Each bush on the turbine side coupling is connected to one bush on the generator side coupling using a metal rod. The nylon bush arrangement reduces vibrations and related failures due to possible eccentricities that may exist between two shafts. one set of connectors METAL ROD NYLON BUSHES TURBINE SIDE GENERATOR SIDE Figure 6-5 Coupling Between Turbine And Generator 6. 4 GENERATOR The alternator for an above turbine is of brushless self excited type with an automatic voltage regulator fitted into it. Figure 6-6 is a simple representation of such an alternator. GENERATOR EXCITER ARMATUR 3? RECT FIELD ARMATURE AVR FIELD 3 ? OUT Figure 6-6 Brushless, Automatic Voltage Regulated Alternator 31 CHAPTER 7: OTHER ACTIVITIES 7. 1 MANUFACTURING A CHALK MACHINE The chalk machine that was being manufactured in the Engineering Workshops used a piston-cylinder arrangement in producing crayons. Made of brass, Figure 7-1 shows one such piston-cylinder pair. MOLTEN PASTEL CYLINDER WATER PISTON Figure 7-1 A Piston Cylinder Pair Of The Chalk Machine The operation is as follows: 1. Fill the cylinders with molten pastel. 2. Pass water around the cylinders to solidify the crayons quickly. 3. Move the piston upwards to remove the crayons. The machine contained a set of piston-cylinder pairs which worked simultaneously. Pressing the molten pastel into the cylinders and moving the piston upwards were performed by using two hydraulic jacks one on top and the other under the piston-cylinder structure. 7. 2 SELF POWERED WATER PUMP FOR RIVERS This is a design of Professor Sanath Ranathunga and I had no personal involvement with it. A pipe is spiral wound inside a thrown away barrel as shown in Figure 7-2. The barrel is fitted with blades on its surface and submerged in the river. As the barrel rotates, water and air enter and pipe from its open end one after another. This pressurize the water inside the pipe and naturally elevates to a higher level. 32 AIR SPIRALED PIPE BARREL WATER BLADES Figure 7-2 The Self Powered Water Pump For Rivers 7. 3 MILLING A PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD The conventional way of creating a printed circuit board or PCB for short involves chemical etching of unwanted portions of copper from a copper clad board. Instead of using a chemical, milling away the unwanted portions of the copper surface reduces time and effort needed in creating PCBs drastically. Though some drawbacks exist, this was tried on the small universal milling machine and satisfactory results could be obtained. First some broken tool shanks were found and ground to the shapes shown in Figure 7-3 using the drill bit grinder. a 0. 5mm b 0. 5mm Figure 7-3 Tools To Mill A PCB Figure 7-4 Milling A PCB Cutter (a) in Figure 7-3 created a rough surface finish. The shape of the cutting edge of cutter (b) was seen to force the copper chips into the board producing a smooth surface finish. 33 7. 4 AN ELECTRONIC ROTATION COUNTER On request of the Workshops Director Dr. S. D. Pathirana, an electronic rotation counter was designed and assembled. This was intended to give a primitive idea of electronic counting to the engineering undergraduates who were not exposed to them before. In fact, the counter was supposed to be used as a teaching guide to teach the students automated motion controlling of machines. The block diagram of the four digit counter is shown in Figure 7-5. SENSOR AMP PHOTO CELL LED Interrupt point to increment count SCHMITT TRIGGER CD4026 SSD DRIVER 7 8 SSD LM324 CLK input of next CD4026 Figure 7-5 Electronic Rotation Counter CD4026 is a decade counter and can drive a seven segment display (SSD) directly. The carry out pin of one IC is fed to the clock input of the next IC so that the count of next stage is incremented by 1 for 10 counts of this stage. LM324 contains four general purpose operational amplifiers and used for the photo cell signal amplification and as a Schmitt trigger. 34 CHAPTER 8: ANNUAL PHYSICAL VERIFICATION OF STORES At the end of each year, a physical verification of the stores is usually conducted and an inventory of items and prices is made. The Annual Physical Verification Of Stores as at 31st December 1995 contained 1889 items listed alphabetically. The value of the items was Rs. 1 570 074. 61. The price of the condemned items was Rs. 44 397. 83 during the year. It is interesting to note that the prices of the items were put as the prices existed when they were bought. For example a set of allen keys was only Rs. 25. 00 the present value being around Rs. 600. 00. In this sense, the present value of the stores might be around 40 million rupees. Usage of past prices of items in the inventory has no value at all. It just shows the total expenditure for the stores from the past. It would have been much more useful if the present prices of the items were used in the inventory. 35 CHAPTER 9: ADMINISTRATION, MANAGEMENT AND WELFARE 9. 1 UNDERSTANDING THE ATTITUDES OF EMPLOYEES Understanding the attitudes of employees is one of the most important aspects an engineer should gain in his currier. Collaborating with employees with different mentalities is inherently difficult. Some of the points that were possible to discover are listed below. Different employees have different expectations from their jobs: Faithful earning to live the life. Just earning money to live the life. Earning some extra money. Acquiring experience for a better job position. Acquiring the name of the current working organization in his curriculum vitae for a better job. While coming to the work, employees come with different mentalities: Fresh mind and pleasure to work. Burdened mind and unpleasant to work. Different personalities: Living with the community. Showing the existence. 9. 2 JOB DISPATCHING AND ADMIRING THE WORK Faithful job dispatching among the employees in the organization makes the environment pleasant for the employees to work and the administration becomes easier. In the Engineering Workshops job dispatching was done by the Workshop Engineer. Though the organization had excessive human resources and workmen were given less tasks than they could carry, in some cases it was seen that some workmen saying â€Å"I have been given more work than others†. Some even said, â€Å"Since I am the only person who knows the subject I am always burdened with the work†. It was interesting to find out whether they state the truth. In response to these statements a secret survey was conducted. Four workmen were selected including the ones who said that they were burdened and their work was observed in intervals of 15 minutes for two days. The results showed that they just lie. Some were not even possible to find for hours. One just signed the attendance register in the morning and evening and did nothing at all. Not a single was found to work at least quarter the nominal time period. 36 On the other hand, persons in the tool stores were truly burdened with work. They had to serve others all the times. In fact they disliked working there. Whatever the case it was seen that workmen always tried to show the Workshops Director that they work. When the Director was not near by, workmen did there work in lethargy. This was discussed with the Director and the final point was: â€Å"Yes, they want to show their boss that they work. Though a very little work is done, they are quite happy to be admired by me. † In any case, accepting feedback from the employees and acting on them necessarily upholds the productivity of any organization. CONTROL EMPLOYER FEEDBACK Figure 9-1 Listening To Feedback From Employees EMPLOYEE 9. 3 GUIDE LINES FOR BETTERMENT In some places of the Engineering Workshops guidelines for improving the performance of workmen could be found. Among them the ones that most people did not follow and the ones that should be followed are listed below: Keep your eyes on the man ahead – you may be called on to take his place some day. Read one or two of the technical magazines related to your line of work. It was unfortunate to say that most guidelines were in English and many workmen did not understand them. Furthermore a discussion with the Workshops Director revealed that earlier there were some sessions for the employees about implementing the Japanese S5 Concepts in the Workshops and they just died. Later he was seen refreshenning it by dividing the Workshops area among the workmen and allocating each area to several employees to maintain the enclosed machines. In Figure 9-2, the thick lines indicate the boundaries of the divided areas. 37 Figure 9-2 Division Of Flow Areas To Implement The Japanese S5 Concepts 9. 4 FREEDOM AND WELFARE SOCIETIES WITH POLITICS In the Engineering Workshops several welfare societies could be found. The Engineering Workshops Welfare Society united all the workmen in the Engineering Workshops. Furthermore some welfare societies formed at the university level could be found. Unfortunately these societies were heavily based on the political parties of the country. Depending on the political party one likes, he may join the related society. Freedom is lost and people get framed with the political party the